1c enterprise which is included in the program. For a novice user: differences between software products of the 1C:Enterprise program system. Version for learning programming

Component "Accounting" designed for maintaining any sections of accounting. It allows you to reflect business transactions occurring at the enterprise in accounting. Fully automates accounting from entering primary documents to generating reports. Supports different accounting systems, allows you to keep records for several enterprises in one information base.

Provides maintenance of charts of accounts, entry of transactions, receipt of accounting results and reporting. It uses concepts such as accounting accounts, transactions and postings. The capabilities of the “Accounting” component allow you to conduct accounting in parallel in several charts of accounts, conduct multidimensional and multi-level analytical accounting, quantitative and currency accounting.

Component "Operational accounting" designed to account for the presence and movement of inventory and cash in various sections. It is focused on working in real time (automatically keeps current inventory and cash balances up to date).

The Operational Accounting component supports a register mechanism that provides recording of movements and receipt of balances. This allows you to automate the accounting of mutual settlements with customers, inventory control of goods and much more. Most often, this component is used to automate the accounting of warehouse and trade operations, material assets, accounting in the service sector, etc.

Component "Calculation" designed to perform complex periodic calculations. It allows you to perform calculations of varying complexity (including with retroactive recalculation of results), and maintain an archive of calculations for past periods. Areas of use:

· accounting for the movements of company employees, calculating their wages and various compensations;

· personnel records;

· accounting of the range of products and services produced, calculation of their cost;

· registering clients and calculating the cost of orders carried out for them;

· accounting of materials and MBP;

· accounting of goods, services and production;

· accounting of mutual settlements with organizations, debtors, creditors, accountable persons;

· accounting of payroll calculations;

· accounting of settlements with the budget;

· other sections of accounting.

The 1C:Enterprise system has flexible accounting capabilities:

· synthetic accounting using a multi-level chart of accounts;

· accounting according to several charts of accounts;

· currency accounting and currency coverage accounting;

· multidimensional analytical accounting;

· multi-level analytical accounting for each dimension;

· quantitative accounting;

· accounting for several enterprises in one information base.

Entering information into 1C:Enterprise can be organized with varying degrees of automation:

· manual entry mode of operations;

· standard operations mode;

· mode of automatic generation of transactions based on documents.

An important difference between accounting accounts and other types of data is the ability to create the accounts themselves, both in the configuration and in the information base itself. Including specific accounts in a configuration is used if the configuration itself is created using these accounts and their specific properties, for example, if the configuration specifies that documents automatically generate transactions for these accounts.

Main features of the “Operational Accounting” component

The “Operational Accounting” component of the 1C:Enterprise system is a universal system for accounting for the availability and movement of funds and can be configured for various accounting schemes for inventory, mutual settlements, funds in current accounts and in cash, loans, consignment, etc.

The 1C:Enterprise system provides a solution to a wide range of diverse operational accounting tasks, for example:

· accounting of warehouse stocks of goods and their movement;

· accounting of mutual settlements with clients and suppliers;

· reservation of goods and payment control;

· accounting of money in current accounts and in the cash register;

§ materials

§ production accounting

§ accounting of currency transactions

§ mutual settlements with organizations

§ calculations with accountable persons

§ salary calculations

§ calculations with the budget.

1C:Accounting allows you to automate the preparation of any primary documents:

§ invoices and invoices

§ acts, invoices, demands, powers of attorney

§ other documents.

1C:Accounting includes a set of standard reports that allow an accountant to obtain information for an arbitrary period, in various sections and with the required degree of detail. All generated reports can be printed.

Tools for working with documents allow you to organize the entry of documents, their arbitrary distribution into journals and the search for any document according to various criteria: number, date, amount, counterparty.

2) Typical configuration 1C: TRADE AND WAREHOUSE 7.7
(Component "Operational accounting")

"1C: Trade and Warehouse" is intended for recording all types of trade transactions. It automates work at all stages of the enterprise.

Main features:

§ separate management and financial accounting

§ accounting on behalf of several legal entities

§ batch accounting of inventory with the ability to select a cost write-off method (FIFO, LIFO, average)

§ separate accounting of own goods and goods taken for sale

§ registration of purchase and sale of goods

§ automatic initial filling of documents based on previously entered data

§ accounting of mutual settlements with buyers and suppliers with details of contracts

§ formation of primary documents

§ reservation of goods and payment control

§ accounting of funds in current accounts and in the cash register

§ accounting of trade loans and control of their repayment

§ accounting of goods transferred for sale, their return and payment

"1C: Trade and Warehouse" provides the following capabilities:

§ setting for each product the required number of prices of different types, storing supplier prices, automatic control and prompt changes in price levels;

§ work with interrelated documents;

§ automatic calculation of write-off prices for goods;

§ quickly make changes using group processing of directories and documents;

§ maintaining records of goods in various units of measurement, and funds in various currencies;

§ obtaining a variety of reporting and analytical information on the movement of goods and money;

§ automatic generation of accounting entries for 1C: Accounting;

§ work with commercial equipment: cash registers, receipt printers, scanners and barcode printers, POS terminals, etc.

3) 1C: Salaries and Personnel 7.7
(Calculation component)

The program "1C: Salary and Personnel" is designed for payroll calculation and personnel records. It can be used both in commercial enterprises and in budgetary organizations. It allows you to keep records of employees, register official movements, and receive statistical information on personnel.

Main functionality:

1) Payroll:

Various systems and forms of remuneration Accounting for time worked Accounting for northern and regional characteristics

2) Automation of personnel records

Maintaining a staffing table Storing information about hours worked Registration of official movements Drawing up orders for admission, leave, dismissal, personnel transfer Entering and calculating sick leave; Registration of dismissals with calculation of vacation compensation, severance pay.

3) Preparation of reports for transmission to tax authorities and Pension Fund branches (information on the income of individuals, individual information of insured persons)

4) Taking into account the characteristics of budgetary organizations

4) Complex configuration "Accounting + Trade + Warehouse + Salaries + Personnel"

Retains the capabilities of the main configurations "Accounting", "Trade and Warehouse" and "Salaries and Personnel" and provides integrated accounting:

Unified system of regulatory and reference information; Automatic reflection of trade and warehouse operations and payroll calculations in accounting; Financial accounting for several legal entities
; Unified management accounting.

6. Launch modes for 1C:Enterprise programs

When starting the 1C:Enterprise system, you can select one of 4 operating modes - “1C:Enterprise”, “Configurator”, “Debugger”, “Monitor”.

"Configurator" mode- entering the module for configuring (rebuilding) the working program.

In the configuration mode, the structure of the information base is formed, the composition and properties of various system objects are changed in accordance with the needs of a particular enterprise. At the configuration stage, you can change existing or create new directories, documents, report forms, algorithms for calculating various accounting and analytical indicators.

When configuring the system, you can also create sets of data access rights that correspond to users of different levels. The Configurator provides the ability to customize the system interface (menus, toolbars, key combinations). In addition, in the Configurator you can create a list of users for a specific organization, as well as assign different user interfaces to different types of users (managers, accountants, HR officers, etc.).

When configuring, both visual tools and a built-in macro language are used.

"1C: Enterprise" mode– this is the user mode, entering the working program directly for accounting, configuration execution mode.

This mode is used for the purpose of entering, processing, storing and issuing summary information about the activities of the enterprise. It allows you to enter documents, fill out directories, perform calculations, and generate various reports. In this mode, the user keeps records using objects created during the configuration stage.

Thus, configuration– this is the development or change of program settings in the “Configurator” mode. Record keeping– this is working with the program in 1C:Enterprise mode within the current program settings.

The presence of these two modes allows you to use the program for a long time without replacing it with a new one.

"Monitor" mode. The system automatically records and remembers any user actions to change data or settings. The "Monitor" mode provides access to this data. This is done so that in the event of errors or failures, a specialist, after analyzing this information, can determine the cause of the problems.

The monitor allows you to view a list of active users, i.e. those users who are currently working with the information base. In addition, the monitor allows you to analyze the log of actions performed by users for any period of time (user work history), as well as archive the history of the log.

Debugger mode - This is a mode designed for debugging the created configuration. It facilitates the development of software modules for the 1C:Enterprise system.

Actions to rebuild the program may result in errors. The “debugger” is designed to find an error in your own calculations and a way to correct the undesirable result, to restore order in the design.

The Debugger allows you to monitor the execution of configuration software modules, measure comparative execution time, and view the contents of variables.

It provides the following features:

· step-by-step execution of the module;

· interruption and continuation of module execution;

· ability to debug several modules simultaneously;

· calculation of expressions for analyzing the state of variables;

· performance measurements.

7. Basic metadata objects

Metadata

The basis of the 1C:Enterprise system is the concept metadata. Metadata is a collection of objects that make up a configuration. They are configured to store and process information about the activities of a particular enterprise. This is data about data, i.e.:

Information about the structure of information databases (directories, documents, etc.);

Forms of dialogues and lists;

Report tables;

Software modules in which the system’s functioning algorithms are described in a built-in language.

The 1C program is a collection of metadata objects interconnected.

Basic Metadata Objects- these are objects that are present in all components of the 1C system, i.e. these are common objects of all three components.

Basic objects:

1) Constants

2) Directories

3) Transfers

4) Documents

5) Document logs

7) Processing

1) Constants

Used to work with permanent and conditionally permanent information. Constants are used to store information that either does not change at all during the operation of the system, or changes quite rarely. For example, “Name of organization”, “VAT rate”, “Full name of chief accountant”, etc.

The convenience of using constants lies in the fact that some information is entered into them once, which can be used repeatedly in the future. For example, the already mentioned name of the organization can be entered into a specially declared constant, and in various forms the name of the constant can be used to obtain its value - the name of the organization. If there are any changes in the name of the organization, it is enough to change it only once - in a constant - and all changes will automatically be reflected in those places where this constant is used.

An unlimited number of constants can be described in the system. At the configuration stage, a list of constants is specified and their characteristics are described. At the configuration execution stage, the values ​​of the constants themselves are specified.

2) Directories

Directories are designed to work with permanent and conditionally permanent information with a certain set of values. Each directory is a list of homogeneous objects: employees, organizations, goods, etc. Each such object is called a directory element.

The use of directories allows you to eliminate ambiguous information input (when filling out details of documents or other directories). For example, if an invoice requires you to enter the name of a client organization, selecting an element from the client directory will avoid entering the name by mistake.

Any directory consists of elements, each of which has some details. For example, as directory elements " Materials" information about specific units of material assets appears. Accordingly, each element is described by such details as name of material, code, unit of measurement, price, etc.

In accounting mode, the user can enter new elements into directories, as well as correct or delete previously entered ones. And at the configuration stage, you can set the properties of each specific directory (for example, length and type of code, number of levels, support for unique codes, set of directory details).

In addition to the code and name, you can create other details to store any additional information about the directory element.

For each directory, several viewing and editing forms can be specified.

In a specific configuration, the required number of directories is created to store data about objects used in the automation of a given subject area. For example, these could be directories “Organizations”, “Products”, “Employees”, etc.

The 1C:Enterprise system allows you to organize multi-level directories, elements of which can be divided into groups. The use of multi-level directories allows you to store information with the required level of detail, as well as organize the maintenance of multi-level analytical accounting for accounts.

System 1C:Enterprise has a support mechanism subordinate directories. This allows you to link elements of different directories with each other. Each element of a subordinate directory belongs to some element of the owner directory. For example, organizations and contracts with them, goods and their units of measurement, etc.

Some directory details may be periodic. Unlike ordinary details, each change in the value of a periodic attribute is recorded on a specific date, i.e. the program stores the history of changes in the value of the attribute in chronological order. If in the process of working with the directory the value of a periodic attribute changes, then its previous value is stored in the system memory, and the new value is fixed for the current date. Due to the fact that for periodic details it is possible to establish what value they had in different periods of time, it is possible to correctly carry out calculations “retrospectively”.

3) Transfers

Enumerations are objects that contain a certain set of values. Enumerations are used in the 1C:Enterprise system to describe permanent sets of values ​​that cannot be changed for a specific configuration.

The composition, names and values ​​of enumerations are specified at the configuration stage and cannot be changed at the execution stage.

Examples of transfers - types of payment (cash, non-cash, barter), client status (permanent, one-time). In this case, the client’s status is indicated in the program by selecting one of the values ​​of this enumeration. The configuration itself uses existing enumeration values ​​and offers them to the user for selection.

Apart from the list of values, enumerations do not contain any other information.

4) Documents

In the 1C:Enterprise system, a document is the main accounting unit. Each document contains information about a specific business transaction and is characterized by its number, date and time.

With the help of documents, payments from the current account, cash register transactions, personnel movements, movements in the warehouse, etc. are reflected.

Examples - “Payment order”, “Account”, “Receipt invoice”, “Expense invoice”, “Receipt cash order”, etc.

In most documents, two main parts can be distinguished: the header part and the tabular (multi-line) part. As a rule, the header part contains details that are common to the entire document and appear only once in the document. (In the 1C:Enterprise system, the header part is called cap).

The tabular part of the document is a list of similar lines with information. In most cases, the tabular part is used to form the total amount of the document.

The data entered into the document (document details) usually contains information about the event that occurred: for example, in the invoice - information about which warehouse, what goods and how many were shipped; in the employment order - information about the employee, salary, and other information.

Since each accounting operation is accompanied by some primary document, the 1C: Accounting program provides a document entry mode. In this case, the document can be used for several purposes:

To enter and save information from a primary document in a computer database;

To generate transactions and save them in the database;

To generate a printed form of a document that can be viewed, saved on a computer, or printed.

An important property of a document is its carrying out . Carrying out document is an action that makes changes to other system data based on the information of the posted document.

In the Accounting component, posting is used primarily to reflect in accounting a business transaction, information about which is entered into a document. In the process of posting a document, transaction entries are recorded and reflected in the accounting results.

For some types of documents, posting may not be used. Typically these are the types of documents that do not affect the accounting results and do not make any other changes to the system data.

Subordination of documents. In the 1C:Enterprise system, it is possible to create subordinate documents, which allows you to organize chains of interrelated documents. If a document includes references to other documents, then it is considered subordinate to those documents to which it refers. The ability to establish subordination relationships between documents is specified at the configuration stage.

Creation of new types of documents, description of their properties and structure are performed in configuration mode. A screen form is created for the document to enter initial information. When setting up a document, its general characteristics are set, such as the length and type of document number, conditions for maintaining unique numbering, and many others. In addition, at the configuration stage for a document, the algorithm for its execution (rules for generating postings) and the algorithm for generating the printed form of the document are determined.

5) Document logs

Document journals are intended for entering new documents, viewing and editing already entered documents, as well as for deleting documents. Document logs store information about entered documents and can be used to view entered documents.

Each type of document can be assigned to a specific journal. The document log itself does not add new data to the system, but serves only as a means of viewing the list of created documents.

Each journal allows you to work with documents related to one of the accounting sections: fixed asset accounting, materials accounting, bank, cash register, etc. In a typical configuration, there are the following journals: "Bank", "Cashier", "Salaries", " Goods, sales", etc. For example, records are automatically placed in the "Bank" journal about each document entered into the system for payment made or received by the company through a current account. For cash documents, a journal "Cash" is provided. It is used to register incoming and outgoing cash orders.

In addition, in 1C programs there is a “General” journal, which allows you to work with all entered documents, regardless of their belonging to specific accounting sections.

When configuring documents of different types, you can specify one journal, which allows you to group documents in journals in any way. For example, you can create a journal “Warehouse Documents” that will contain all receipt notes and invoices for internal movement.

6) Reports and processing

Reports are used to obtain summary output information in a form convenient for viewing and analysis.

Reports in 1C can be divided into 3 groups:

Standard reports. They are usually included in the standard configuration. They are intended to obtain generalized and detailed information on any sections of accounting. Standard reports are used in almost all organizations and for any section of accounting. Examples: “Turnover balance sheet”, “Chess”, “Account analysis”, “Account card” and others. Such reports are used directly in accounting to analyze accounting results at the level of accounts, subaccounts, currencies, analytical objects, various periods and detailed transactions.

Regulated reports. These are reports intended for transmission to various regulatory authorities - tax inspectorates, Social Insurance Fund, statistical authorities. The composition and content of these reports are determined by various government bodies - the Federal Tax Service, the Ministry of Finance, etc. Their composition depends on the country in which the program is used. Examples: tax returns, balance sheets, payslips for funds. Typically, a set of regulated reports is created by 1C (updated quarterly).

Custom Reports. Usually they are created in a specific configuration directly for a given organization and solve more specific problems. Custom reports are usually focused on a specific section of accounting. They are created when it is necessary to obtain specific samples of information or a special type of printed form. Examples: statement of reconciliation of calculations, certificate of income 2-NDFL.

All reports, regardless of who created them, can be changed using the configurator and have the same principles of use.

In addition to reports, the 1C:Enterprise system uses the concept Treatment. Processing is not intended to provide information, but to change any data in the information base. They are usually used to perform some utility functions (for example, to load the contents of a directory from another program).

Using processing is no different from using a report. Their properties and actions are also completely determined during configuration.

8. Configuration

The 1C:Enterprise system uses various types of objects. A specific set of objects determines a specific configuration. Together with the configuration, the 1C:Enterprise system acts as a ready-to-use software product, focused on certain types of enterprises and tasks to be solved.

The configuration is created by standard system tools. It is usually supplied by 1C as a standard one for a specific application, but can be changed, supplemented by the user of the system, or developed anew (from scratch).

Configuration in the 1C:Enterprise system is a combination of 3 interconnected components:

1) metadata structure;

2) a set of user interfaces;

3) set of rights.

1) The concept of metadata was discussed earlier (see paragraph 6).

2)User interface in the 1C:Enterprise system - a set of main menu commands and toolbars configured to work with specific data objects - documents, directories, magazines, etc. As a rule, the user interface is created for a specific category of users. The purpose of creating an interface is to provide users with quick access to the information they need in accordance with their responsibilities.

3)Rights in the 1C:Enterprise system, they determine the permissions of users to work with information that is processed in the system. The set of rights granted to the user is determined, as a rule, by the scope of his responsibilities.

The operation of assigning rights to a user solves two main problems:

1) Limiting the circle of users of confidential information

2) Prohibition of performing certain operations (for example, operations of deleting and correcting data). This allows, to some extent, to prevent possible loss of information.

All three components of the configuration are closely interconnected and require coordinated changes (especially with regard to user rights).

Thus, assignment of rights can be performed only for existing metadata objects (specific documents, journals, directories, reports). Adding a new object to the metadata structure must be accompanied by corresponding changes to the rights.

Commands that can be associated with user interface elements control specific metadata objects. It is clear that there is no point in including in the user interface commands for working with information that the user is not allowed to access.

9. Software module

Module - This is a program in the built-in language of the 1C:Enterprise system. Modules are called for execution at previously known moments in the operation of the 1C:Enterprise system. In the built-in 1C language, you can develop modules consisting of procedures and functions.

Software modules in a configuration are not independent programs, since they are part of the entire task configuration. Modules contain the texts of procedures and functions called by the system during execution at certain points in time.

Each individual module is perceived by the system as a single whole, therefore all procedures and functions of the software module are performed in one context.

Execution context of a software module

Global context:

system attribute values, system procedures and functions

(for example, the CurrentTime() function returns the current system time, and the CurrentDate() function returns the current date on the computer)

values ​​of constants and enumerations specified in the configurator.

Global module is called a module that is automatically executed when the 1C:Enterprise system starts at the time the configuration is loaded. It contains procedures and functions that must be performed when starting the 1C:Enterprise system, as well as global procedures and functions that can be called from any other configuration module.

A global module refers to the configuration as a whole. It is needed to write procedures and functions that are available anywhere in the program (in any other module). You can also create global variables that can be used anywhere in the program.

Local context is formed by the specific configuration location for which this specific module is used.

Types of software modules

Global module

Directory list form module

Group form module

Directory element form module

Document form module

Document module

Document journal form module

Account list form module

Invoice form module

Transaction log form module

Operation form module

Posting journal form module

Report form module

Processing form module

The text of a program module consists of statements and comments. Comments begin with "//" characters

Operators of the built-in language must be separated by the symbol ";". The end of a line does not indicate the end of a statement, that is, statements can freely jump across lines and continue on another line. You can place an arbitrary number of statements on one line, separating them with the ";" symbol.

Variable, procedure, and function names

The name of a variable, declared procedure, or function can be any sequence of letters, numbers, and underscores "_". The names created must not coincide with reserved words of the language or with the names of already existing procedures and functions available at the time of execution. Variable, procedure, and function names are not case sensitive.

Reserved (keywords) words

The language has reserved words that cannot be used as created variable names and declared procedures and functions. Each of the keywords has 2 representations - Russian and English. Keywords in Russian and English can be freely mixed in one source text. The case of the letters of the keywords does not matter.

Examples of keywords:

Special characters used in the source text

Variable scope

The scope of use of variables depends on the location of their definition in the task configuration.

There are 3 areas in which variables can be declared:

1) In the section on defining global module variables.

If variables are defined with the Export keyword, they will be global variables. They are available for use in any configuration software module.

2) In the section for defining variables of a specific (local) module.

These are module variables. They are available for use in executable statements, expressions, in any procedure and function of the program module within which they are declared.

3) In a procedure or function.

These are local variables. They are available within the procedure or function in which they are declared.

If a variable is defined as global, then it is visible from all procedures and functions of any task configuration software module.

If a variable is defined inside a procedure, then its scope is this procedure or function.

Software module structure

Variable definition section Procedures and functions section Main program section

(This section can only contain executable statements. It is executed when the module is launched for execution. Typically, the section of the main program contains statements that assign specific values ​​to variables, which must be carried out before the first call to any of the procedures or functions of the module).

Example.

// Defining variables
Variable Variable1;
Variable Variable2;

// Procedures and functions

Procedure Procedure1()

…// procedure text

End of Procedure

Function Function1()

…// function text

EndFunction

// Main program section

Variable1 = "123";

10. Registers

Let's imagine that our organization conducts trading operations with counterparties. At the same time, we will pay suppliers for shipped goods, and receive money from buyers for goods sold. To enter data on business transactions in 1C, the “Document” metadata object is used. With the help of documents, we will be able to enter data on the arrival/movement/shipment of goods, the receipt/expense of money, but it is impossible to store the current state of warehouse balances and the state of mutual debt with counterparties in documents. There is a special mechanism in 1C for just such a purpose. It uses the metadata object" Register" - in operational accounting (for Accounting - "Plan of Accounts", for Calculation - "Calculation Journal").

Registers accumulate information about the availability and movement of funds - commodity, cash and others. All information about business transactions is accumulated in registers, and this information can be retrieved, analyzed and presented to the user in the form of reports.

That is, we can say that registers are tables for accumulating operational data and obtaining summary information.

Data is added to registers only when posting documents. Information from the registers is used to generate reports.

The classic scheme for using registers in 1C:Enterprise is as follows:

Documents => Registers => Reports

The register is an internal configuration component. When using the configuration, it is not available to the user for direct filling; there are no standard means of viewing it, as for other objects (documents, reference books, constants, etc.). But using the built-in language, you can write information to registers and subsequently retrieve it.

Register Dimensions and Resources

The main problem when creating registers is determining its structure (in which sections should aggregate data be accumulated so that the necessary information can then be easily retrieved?). The structure of the register should be such that it is possible to extract the necessary information from it without tedious processing. In 1C, when creating a register, it is enough to simply specify in which sections and what data you want to store in it, and the system itself will provide recording and retrieving the necessary data (using simple language tools).

Let's assume that the register " Remaining goods» must contain information about the quantity and cost of each product in each warehouse. In the ideology of the 1C:Enterprise system, a register of this type is a rectangular coordinate system, on one axis of which there are warehouses, on the other - goods, and at the intersection of a specific warehouse and a specific product there are figures for the quantity of goods and the cost of goods.

Register measurements - this is the section in which information storage is required.

Registry Resources - This is quantitative or summary data that is stored in a register.

In our case:

Register: Remaining goods
Measurements: Product, Warehouse
Resources: Quantity, Cost

From this register you can obtain the following information:

balance of a specific product in a specific warehouse balance of a specific product in all warehouses cost of all products in a specific warehouse

Movements in registers

Changing the state of registers is performed by the document module in the built-in language. When posting a document, changes are made to the registers.

Information about changes in registers is called movements registers Register movements Remaining Goods there will be income and expense.

Tabular register Remaining Goods appears as follows:

One row from this table is called " movement". Movements in registers are created only when posting documents.

In the register, in addition to dimensions and resources, you can set requisites.

Requisites- this is additional information accompanying the movement. Using the built-in language, you can select movements with a given props value.

Types of registers

In the 1C:Enterprise system, it is possible to use 2 types of registers: balance registers And revolution registers. The difference between them is clear from their names and lies in the nature of the stored information: the balance registers always store information about the final state of funds, and the turnover registers, figuratively speaking, how this state was achieved.

If you need to quickly get the balance of something at the current moment from the register, then you need to create a register of balances. If you need to quickly receive the income or expense of something for a period from the register, then you need to create a negotiable register.

The essence of the 2 types of registers and their differences can be illustrated by the following example. Let's imagine a straight guide along which the slider moves. A speedometer with a distance indicator is installed on the slider. We measure the distance from the beginning of the guide to the slider. The runner goes forward - this distance increases, goes back - it decreases. This is how the balance register works. It shows the current state of the slider coordinate in relation to some zero value. Analogue – remaining stock in the warehouse. They increase if there was a receipt of goods, and decrease if there was an expense.

We also have a speedometer with a trip meter. No matter which direction the slider moves, the number on the counter increases. This is how the revolution register works. An analogue is the amount of turnover in a store. Whether there is income or expense, trade turnover is growing.

Balance registers

Let's consider, as an example, tracking mutual settlements with buyers of goods that our company produces or sells.

In order to quickly receive information about the mutual debt of our company and the buyer, we will need a “Mutual Settlements” register, in which the amount of debt will be stored for each buyer. When a business transaction is completed, the state of the register will change accordingly, each time reflecting the current state of mutual settlements. The "Mutual Settlement" register is balance register.

Example:

The register must store the balances of goods in each warehouse in quantitative and total terms.

Register of balances Goods

Measurements: Product, Warehouse

Resources: Quantity, Cost

Requisites:No

Negotiable registers

But from the “Mutual Settlement” register it is impossible to obtain information about the volume of purchases made by a given buyer for any period of time, since the register does not contain such information.

In this case, the solution to the problem may be to use revolution register. In such a register - let's call it “Purchase Volume” - information about the volume of purchases (about the buyer’s turnover) will be stored in the context of buyers. When creating a turnover register, you can specify the frequency with which information will be accumulated: day, week, month, etc.

Now, when performing business transactions, it will be necessary to change not only the state of the “Mutual Settlement” register, but also the “Volume of Purchases” register. Each time the client makes a purchase, information about the purchase amount will be entered into this register. As a result, information about the total volume of customer purchases will be constantly accumulated in the “Purchase Volume” register.

Example:

The register must store sales revenue for the day by customer and product.

Negotiable register Income

Measurements: Customer, Product

Resources: Income

Requisites: No

Periodicity: Day

11.Data types

The 1C:Enterprise system supports basic And aggregate data types.

TO basic types include:

· numeric;

· string;

Numerical The type can represent any decimal number. The basic arithmetic operations on numeric data are defined.

Strokov The type can be any sequence of characters, including empty ones.

Type date Any valid date may be represented.

Aggregate data types are specialized data types designed to work with 1C:Enterprise objects.

TO aggregate include the following data types:

Constant– a means of working with constant (or conditionally constant) values. Constants store information that does not change or changes quite rarely. For example, the name of the organization, postal address.

Directory– a tool for maintaining lists of homogeneous data elements.

Transfer– a tool for working with data elements, the list of possible values ​​of which is rigidly specified (for example, for the “Form of Payment” transfer, you can set the possible values: “Cash”, “Bank transfer”). Document– a means for entering primary information about business transactions.

Request– a means of accessing objects (documents, registers, directories, calculation journals) in order to obtain summary information when generating output reports.

Text– a tool for working with text documents.

Table– a tool for working with tables (reports).

ListValues– a tool for creating a list of values ​​of any data with the ability to further sort and select the desired values ​​from the list.

Picture– a tool for working with graphic files.

Periodic - a tool for working with periodic directory details and periodic constants.

FS– a tool for working with files directly from the built-in language.